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J Neurophysiol (December 1, 2002). 10.1152/jn.00335.2001
Submitted on 24 April 2001
Accepted on 26 July 2002
1Department of Physiology and the Center for Neural Computation, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and 2Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Donchin, O.,
A. Gribova,
O. Steinberg,
A. R. Mitz,
H. Bergman, and
E. Vaadia.
Single-Unit Activity Related to Bimanual Arm Movements in the
Primary and Supplementary Motor Cortices. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 3498-3517, 2002. Single units were recorded
from the primary motor (MI) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas of
Rhesus monkeys performing one-arm (unimanual) and two-arm (bimanual)
proximal reaching tasks. During execution of the bimanual movements,
the task related activity of about one-half the neurons in each area
(MI: 129/232, SMA: 107/206) differed from the activity during similar
displacements of one arm while the other was stationary. The bulk of
this "bimanual-related" activity could not be explained by any
linear combination of activities during unimanual reaching or by
differences in kinematics or recorded EMG activity. The
bimanual-related activity was relatively insensitive to trial-to-trial
variations in muscular activity or arm kinematics. For example, trials
where bimanual arm movements differed the most from their unimanual
controls did not correspond to the ones where the largest bimanual
neural effects were observed. Cortical localization established by
using a mixture of surface landmarks, electromyographic recordings,
microstimulation, and sensory testing suggests that the recorded
neurons were not limited to areas specifically involved with postural
muscles. By rejecting this range of alternative explanations, we
conclude that neural activity in MI as well as SMA can reflect
specialized cortical processing associated with bimanual movements.
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