| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
J Neurophysiol (January 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00600.2002
Submitted on Submitted 24 July 2002; accepted in final form 24 September 2002
1Department of Physics and 2Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
Berg, Rune W. and
David Kleinfeld.
Rhythmic Whisking by Rat: Retraction as Well as Protraction of
the Vibrissae Is Under Active Muscular Control. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 104-117, 2003. The
rhythmic motor activity of the vibrissae that rodents use for the
tactile localization of objects provides a model system for
understanding patterned motor activity in mammals. The muscles that
drive this whisking are only partially fixed relative to bony
attachments and thus shift their position along with the movement. As a
means to characterize the pattern of muscular dynamics during different
patterns of whisking, we recorded electromyogram (EMG) activity from
the muscles that propel individual follicles, as well as EMG activity
from a muscle group that moves the mystacial pad. The dominant pattern
of whisking in our behavioral paradigm, referred to as exploratory
whisking, consisted of large amplitude sweeps in the frequency range of
5-15 Hz. The frequency remained remarkably constant within a bout of
whisking but changed values between bouts. The extrinsic musculature,
which shifts the surface of the pad backwards, was found to be
activated in approximate antiphase to that of the intrinsic muscles,
which rotate individual vibrissae forward. Thus retraction of the
vibrissae was driven by a backward shift in the attachment point of the
follicles to the mystacial pad. In a less frequent pattern of whisking,
referred to as foveal whisking, the vibrissae are thrust forward and
palpate objects with low-amplitude movements that are in the higher
frequency range of 15-25 Hz. Protraction of the vibrissae remains
driven by the intrinsic muscles, while retraction in this pattern is largely passive. Interestingly, a mechanical argument suggests that
activation of the extrinsic muscles during foveal whisking is not
expected to affect the angle of the vibrissae. As a means to establish
if the phasic control of the intrinsic versus extrinsic muscles
depended on sensory feedback, we characterized whisking before and
after bilateral transections of the infraorbital branch of the
trigeminal sensory nerve. The loss of sensory feedback had no net
effect on the antiphase relation between activation of the intrinsic
versus extrinsic muscles over the full frequency range for exploratory
whisking. These data point to the existence of a dual-phase central
pattern generator that drives the vibrissae.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. J. Herfst and M. Brecht Whisker Movements Evoked by Stimulation of Single Motor Neurons in the Facial Nucleus of the Rat J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2008; 99(6): 2821 - 2832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. N. Hill, R. Bermejo, H. P. Zeigler, and D. Kleinfeld Biomechanics of the Vibrissa Motor Plant in Rat: Rhythmic Whisking Consists of Triphasic Neuromuscular Activity J. Neurosci., March 26, 2008; 28(13): 3438 - 3455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Tan, H. Hu, Z. J. Huang, and A. Agmon Robust but delayed thalamocortical activation of dendritic-targeting inhibitory interneurons PNAS, February 12, 2008; 105(6): 2187 - 2192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Pearson, A. G. Pipe, C. Melhuish, B. Mitchinson, and T. J. Prescott Whiskerbot: A Robotic Active Touch System Modeled on the Rat Whisker Sensory System Adaptive Behavior, September 1, 2007; 15(3): 223 - 240. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kepecs, N. Uchida, and Z. F. Mainen Rapid and Precise Control of Sniffing During Olfactory Discrimination in Rats J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2007; 98(1): 205 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Castro-Alamancos What Generates Whisking? Focus on: "The Whisking Rhythm Generator: A Novel Mammalian Network for the Generation of Movement" J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 1883 - 1884. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Katz, J. E. Heiss, and I. Lampl Cross-Whisker Adaptation of Neurons in the Rat Barrel Cortex J. Neurosci., December 20, 2006; 26(51): 13363 - 13372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Melzer, R. N. S. Sachdev, N. Jenkinson, and F. F. Ebner Stimulus Frequency Processing in Awake Rat Barrel Cortex. J. Neurosci., November 22, 2006; 26(47): 12198 - 12205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Castro-Alamancos Vibrissa Myoclonus (Rhythmic Retractions) Driven by Resonance of Excitatory Networks in Motor Cortex J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2006; 96(4): 1691 - 1698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Derdikman, C. Yu, S. Haidarliu, K. Bagdasarian, A. Arieli, and E. Ahissar Layer-Specific Touch-Dependent Facilitation and Depression in the Somatosensory Cortex during Active Whisking. J. Neurosci., September 13, 2006; 26(37): 9538 - 9547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Towal and M. J. Hartmann Right-left asymmetries in the whisking behavior of rats anticipate head movements. J. Neurosci., August 23, 2006; 26(34): 8838 - 8846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Knutsen, M. Pietr, and E. Ahissar Haptic Object Localization in the Vibrissal System: Behavior and Performance. J. Neurosci., August 15, 2006; 26(33): 8451 - 8464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. P. Cramer and A. Keller Cortical Control of a Whisking Central Pattern Generator J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2006; 96(1): 209 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Berg, D. Whitmer, and D. Kleinfeld Exploratory whisking by rat is not phase locked to the hippocampal theta rhythm. J. Neurosci., June 14, 2006; 26(24): 6518 - 6522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Szwed, K. Bagdasarian, B. Blumenfeld, O. Barak, D. Derdikman, and E. Ahissar Responses of Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons to the Radial Distance of Contact During Active Vibrissal Touch J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 791 - 802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Friedman, L. M. Jones, N. P. Cramer, E. E. Kwegyir-Afful, H. P. Zeigler, and A. Keller Anticipatory Activity of Motor Cortex in Relation to Rhythmic Whisking J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 1274 - 1277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Grinevich, M. Brecht, and P. Osten Monosynaptic Pathway from Rat Vibrissa Motor Cortex to Facial Motor Neurons Revealed by Lentivirus-Based Axonal Tracing J. Neurosci., September 7, 2005; 25(36): 8250 - 8258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Long, S. J. Cruikshank, M. J. Jutras, and B. W. Connors Abrupt Maturation of a Spike-Synchronizing Mechanism in Neocortex J. Neurosci., August 10, 2005; 25(32): 7309 - 7316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Berg, B. Friedman, L. F. Schroeder, and D. Kleinfeld Activation of Nucleus Basalis Facilitates Cortical Control of a Brain Stem Motor Program J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2005; 94(1): 699 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F.-Z. Shaw and Y.-F. Liao Relation Between Activities of the Cortex and Vibrissae Muscles During High-Voltage Rhythmic Spike Discharges in Rats J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2005; 93(5): 2435 - 2448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Knutsen, D. Derdikman, and E. Ahissar Tracking Whisker and Head Movements in Unrestrained Behaving Rodents J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2005; 93(4): 2294 - 2301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Haiss and C. Schwarz Spatial Segregation of Different Modes of Movement Control in the Whisker Representation of Rat Primary Motor Cortex J. Neurosci., February 9, 2005; 25(6): 1579 - 1587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zhang and K. D. Alloway Stimulus-Induced Intercolumnar Synchronization of Neuronal Activity in Rat Barrel Cortex: A Laminar Analysis J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2004; 92(3): 1464 - 1478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. F. Ahrens and D. Kleinfeld Current Flow in Vibrissa Motor Cortex Can Phase-Lock With Exploratory Rhythmic Whisking in Rat J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2004; 92(3): 1700 - 1707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ganguly and D. Kleinfeld Goal-directed whisking increases phase-locking between vibrissa movement and electrical activity in primary sensory cortex in rat PNAS, August 17, 2004; 101(33): 12348 - 12353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. B. Wilent and D. Contreras Synaptic Responses to Whisker Deflections in Rat Barrel Cortex as a Function of Cortical Layer and Stimulus Intensity J. Neurosci., April 21, 2004; 24(16): 3985 - 3998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q.-T. Nguyen, R. Wessel, and D. Kleinfeld Developmental regulation of active and passive membrane properties in rat vibrissa motoneurones J. Physiol., April 1, 2004; 556(1): 203 - 219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-E. Jin, V. Witzemann, and M. Brecht Fiber Types of the Intrinsic Whisker Muscle and Whisking Behavior J. Neurosci., March 31, 2004; 24(13): 3386 - 3393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Berg and D. Kleinfeld Vibrissa Movement Elicited by Rhythmic Electrical Microstimulation to Motor Cortex in the Aroused Rat Mimics Exploratory Whisking J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2003; 90(5): 2950 - 2963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Arabzadeh, R. S. Petersen, and M. E. Diamond Encoding of Whisker Vibration by Rat Barrel Cortex Neurons: Implications for Texture Discrimination J. Neurosci., October 8, 2003; 23(27): 9146 - 9154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Garabedian, S. R. Jones, M. M. Merzenich, A. Dale, and C. I. Moore Band-Pass Response Properties of Rat SI Neurons J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2003; 90(3): 1379 - 1391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Neimark, M. L. Andermann, J. J. Hopfield, and C. I. Moore Vibrissa Resonance as a Transduction Mechanism for Tactile Encoding J. Neurosci., July 23, 2003; 23(16): 6499 - 6509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Hartmann, N. J. Johnson, R. B. Towal, and C. Assad Mechanical Characteristics of Rat Vibrissae: Resonant Frequencies and Damping in Isolated Whiskers and in the Awake Behaving Animal J. Neurosci., July 23, 2003; 23(16): 6510 - 6519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
