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J Neurophysiol (January 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00016.2002
Submitted on Submitted 10 January 2002; accepted in final form 6 September 2002
Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
Sergio, Lauren E. and
John F. Kalaska.
Systematic Changes in Motor Cortex Cell Activity With Arm Posture
During Directional Isometric Force Generation. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 212-228, 2003. We report here
the activity of 96 cells in primate primary motor cortex (MI) during
exertion of isometric forces at the hand in constant spatial
directions, while the hand was at five to nine different spatial
locations on a plane. The discharge of nearly all cells varied
significantly with both hand location and the direction of isometric
force before and during force-ramp generation as well as during static
force-hold. In addition, nearly all cells displayed changes in the
variation of their activity with force direction at different hand
locations. This change in relationship was often expressed in part as a
change in the cell's directional tuning at different hand locations.
Cell directional tuning tended to shift systematically with hand
location even though the direction of static force output at the hand
remained constant. These directional effects were less pronounced
before the onset of force output than after force onset. Cells also
often showed planar modulations of discharge level with hand location. Sixteen proximal arm muscles showed similar effects, reflecting how
hand location-dependent biomechanical factors altered their task-related activity. These findings indicate that MI single-cell activity does not covary exclusively with the level and direction of
net force output at the hand and provides further evidence that MI
contributes to the transformation between extrinsic and intrinsic
representations of motor output during isometric force production.
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