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J Neurophysiol (January 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00968.2001
Submitted on Submitted 26 November 2001; accepted in final form 29 August 2002
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
Ma, Xiaofeng and
Nobuo Suga.
Augmentation of Plasticity of the Central Auditory System by the
Basal Forebrain and/or Somatosensory Cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 90-103, 2003. Auditory conditioning
(associative learning) or focal electric stimulation of the primary
auditory cortex (AC) evokes reorganization (plasticity) of the
cochleotopic (frequency) map of the inferior colliculus (IC) as well as
that of the AC. The reorganization results from shifts in the best
frequencies (BFs) and frequency-tuning curves of single neurons. Since
the importance of the cholinergic basal forebrain for cortical
plasticity and the importance of the somatosensory cortex and the
corticofugal auditory system for collicular and cortical plasticity
have been demonstrated, Gao and Suga proposed a hypothesis that states
that the AC and corticofugal system play an important role in evoking
auditory collicular and cortical plasticity and that auditory and
somatosensory signals from the cerebral cortex to the basal forebrain
play an important role in augmenting collicular and cortical
plasticity. To test their hypothesis, we studied whether the amount and
the duration of plasticity of both collicular and cortical neurons evoked by electric stimulation of the AC or by acoustic stimulation were increased by electric stimulation of the basal forebrain and/or
the somatosensory cortex. In adult big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), we made the following major findings. 1)
Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by electric stimulation of
the AC is augmented by electric stimulation of the basal forebrain. The amount of augmentation is larger for cortical plasticity than for
collicular plasticity. 2) Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by AC stimulation is augmented by somatosensory cortical stimulation mimicking fear conditioning. The amount of augmentation is
larger for cortical plasticity than for collicular plasticity. 3) Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by both AC and
basal forebrain stimulations is further augmented by somatosensory
cortical stimulation. 4) A lesion of the basal forebrain
tends to reduce collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by AC
stimulation. The reduction is small and statistically insignificant for
collicular plasticity but significant for cortical plasticity.
5) The lesion of the basal forebrain eliminates the
augmentation of collicular and cortical plasticity that otherwise would
be evoked by somatosensory cortical stimulation. 6)
Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by repetitive acoustic
stimuli is augmented by basal forebrain and/or somatosensory cortical
stimulation. However, the lesion of the basal forebrain eliminates the
augmentation of collicular and cortical plasticity that otherwise would
be evoked by somatosensory cortical stimulation. These findings support
the hypothesis proposed by Gao and Suga.
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