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J Neurophysiol (February 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00717.2002
Submitted on Submitted 22 August 2002; accepted in final form 30 September 2002
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
DeAngelis, Gregory C. and
Takanori Uka.
Coding of Horizontal Disparity and Velocity by MT Neurons in the
Alert Macaque. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 1094-1111, 2003. We performed the first large-scale
(n = 501), quantitative study of horizontal disparity
tuning in the middle temporal (MT) visual area of alert, fixating
macaque monkeys. Using random-dot stereograms, we quantified the
direction tuning, speed tuning, horizontal disparity tuning, and size
tuning of each neuron. The vast majority (93%) of MT neurons were
significantly tuned for horizontal disparity. Although disparity tuning
was generally quite robust, the average disparity sensitivity of MT
neurons was significantly weaker than their direction or speed
sensitivity as quantified using both an index of response modulation
and an index of signal-to-noise ratio. Disparity tuning was not
correlated with direction or size tuning but tended to be broader and
weaker for neurons that preferred faster speeds of motion. By
comparison with recent studies, we find that disparity selectivity in
MT is substantially stronger than that seen in either primary visual cortex (V1) or area V4. In addition, MT neurons are more
broadly tuned for disparity than V1 neurons at comparable
eccentricities. Disparity tuning curves are very well described by
Gabor functions for >80% of MT neurons. The distribution of Gabor
phases shows clear bimodality, indicating that MT neurons tend to have
odd-symmetric disparity tuning (unlike neurons in V1). The preferred
disparities were more strongly correlated with the phase parameter of
the Gabor function than with the positional offset parameter. In fact, for neurons with preferred disparities close to zero, the positional offset tended to oppose the phase shift in specifying the disparity preference. We suggest that this result reflects a strategy used to
finely distribute the disparity preferences of MT neurons, given the
predominance of odd-symmetry and broad tuning.
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