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J Neurophysiol (February 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00420.2002
Submitted on Submitted 6 June 2002; accepted in final form 2 October 2002
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
Grenier, François,
Igor Timofeev, and
Mircea Steriade.
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80-200 Hz) During
Seizures: Intracellular Correlates. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 841-852, 2003. Multi-site
field potential and intracellular recordings from various neocortical
areas were used to study very fast oscillations or ripples (80-200 Hz)
during electrographic seizures in cats under ketamine-xylazine
anesthesia. The animals displayed spontaneously occurring and
electrically induced seizures comprising spike-wave complexes (2-3 Hz)
and fast runs (10-20 Hz). Neocortical ripples had much higher
amplitudes during seizures than during the slow oscillation preceding
the onset of seizures. A series of experimental data from the present
study supports the hypothesis that ripples are implicated in seizure
initiation. Ripples were particularly strong at the onset of seizures
and halothane, which antagonizes the occurrence of ripples, also
blocked seizures. The firing of electrophysiologically defined cellular
types was phase-locked with ripples in simultaneously recorded field
potentials. This indicates that ripples during paroxysmal events are
associated with a coordination of firing in a majority of neocortical
neurons. This was confirmed with dual intracellular recordings. Based
on the amplitude that neocortical ripples reach during paroxysmal events, we propose a mechanism by which neocortical ripples during normal network activity could actively participate in the initiation of
seizures on reaching a certain threshold amplitude. This mechanism involves a vicious feedback loop in which very fast oscillations in
field potentials are a reflection of synchronous action potentials, and
in turn these oscillations help generate and synchronize action potentials in adjacent neurons through electrical interactions.
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