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J Neurophysiol (February 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00607.2002
Submitted on Submitted 26 July 2002; accepted in final form 21 October 2002
Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montreal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
Cisek, Paul,
Donald J. Crammond, and
John F. Kalaska.
Neural Activity in Primary Motor and Dorsal Premotor Cortex In
Reaching Tasks With the Contralateral Versus Ipsilateral Arm. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 922-942, 2003. To investigate the effector dependence of task-related neural activity
in dorsal premotor (PMd) and primary motor cortex (M1), directional
tuning functions were compared between instructed-delay reaching tasks
performed separately with either the contralateral or the ipsilateral
limb. During presentation of the instructional cue, the majority
(55/90, 61%) of cells in PMd were tuned with both arms, and their
dynamic range showed a trend for stronger discharge with the
contralateral arm. Most strikingly, however, the preferred direction of
most of these latter cells (41/55, 75%) was not significantly
different between arms. During movement, many PMd cells continued to be
tuned with both arms (53/90, 59%), with a trend for increasing
directional differences between the arms over the course of the trial.
In contrast, during presentation of the instructional cue only 5/74
(7%) cells in M1 were tuned with both arms. During movement, about
half of M1 cells (41/74, 55%) were tuned with both arms but the
preferred directions of their tuning functions were often very
different and there was a strong bias toward greater discharge rates
when the contralateral arm was used. Similar trends were observed for
EMG activity. In conclusion, M1 is strongly activated during movements
of the contralateral arm, but activity during ipsilateral arm movements
is also common and usually different from that seen with the
contralateral arm. In contrast, a major component of task-related
activity in PMd represents movement in a more abstract or
task-dependent and effector-independent manner, especially during the
instructed-delay period.
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