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J Neurophysiol (March 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00539.2002
Submitted on Submitted 15 July 2002; accepted in final form 18 November 2002
Department of Physiology, Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
Ren, Jun and
John J. Greer.
Ontogeny of Rhythmic Motor Patterns Generated in the Embryonic
Rat Spinal Cord. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 1187-1195, 2003. Patterned spontaneous activity is generated in
developing neuronal circuits throughout the CNS including the spinal
cord. This activity is thought to be important for activity-dependent neuronal growth, synapse formation, and the establishment of neuronal networks. In this study, we examine the spatiotemporal distribution of
motor patterns generated by rat spinal cord and medullary circuits from
the time of initial axon outgrowth through to the inception of
organized respiratory and locomotor rhythmogenesis during late gestation. This includes an analysis of the neuropharmacological control of spontaneous rhythms generated within the spinal cord at
different developmental stages. In vitro spinal cord and
medullary-spinal cord preparations isolated from rats at embryonic ages
(E)13.5-E21.5 were studied. We found age-dependent changes in the
spatiotemporal pattern, neurotransmitter control, and propensity for
the generation of spontaneous rhythmic motor discharge during the
prenatal period. The developmental profile of the neuropharmacological
control of rhythmic bursting can be divided into three periods. At
E13.5-E15.5, the spinal networks comprising cholinergic and
glycinergic synaptic interconnections are capable of generating
rhythmic activity, while GABAergic synapses play a role in supporting
the spontaneous activity. At late stages (E18.5-E21.5), glutamate
drive acting via non- N-methyl-D-aspartate
(non-NMDA) receptors is primarily responsible for the rhythmic
activity. During the middle stage (E16.5-E17.5), the spontaneous
activity results from the combination of synaptic drive acting via
non-NMDA glutamatergic, nicotinic acetylcholine, glycine, and
GABAA receptors. The modulatory actions of
chloride-mediated conductances shifts from predominantly excitatory to
inhibitory late in gestation.
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