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J Neurophysiol (March 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00373.2002
Submitted on Submitted 17 May 2002; accepted in final form 19 November 2002
Department of Clinical Science, Osp. L. Sacco, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
Massimini, Marcello,
Mario Rosanova, and
Maurizio Mariotti.
EEG Slow (~1 Hz) Waves Are Associated With Nonstationarity of
Thalamo-Cortical Sensory Processing in the Sleeping Human. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 1205-1213, 2003. Intracellular studies reveal that, during slow wave sleep (SWS), the
entire cortical network can swing rhythmically between extremely
different microstates, ranging from wakefulness-like network activation
to functional disconnection in the space of a few hundred milliseconds.
This alternation of states also involves the thalamic neurons and is
reflected in the EEG by a slow (<1 Hz) oscillation. These rhythmic
changes, occurring in the thalamo-cortical circuits during SWS, may
have relevant, phasic effects on the transmission and processing of
sensory information. However, brain reactivity to sensory stimuli,
during SWS, has traditionally been studied by means of sequential
averaging, a procedure that necessarily masks any short-term
fluctuation of responsiveness. The aim of this study was to provide a
dynamic evaluation of brain reactivity to sensory stimuli in naturally
sleeping humans. To this aim, single-trial somatosensory evoked
potentials (SEPs) were grouped and averaged as a function of the phase
of the ongoing sleep slow (<1 Hz) oscillation. This procedure revealed
a dynamic profile of responsiveness, which was conditioned by the phase
of the spontaneous sleep EEG. Overall, the amplitude of the evoked
potential changed sistematically, increasing and approaching
wakefulness levels along the negative slope of the EEG oscillation and
decaying below SWS average levels along the positive drift. These
marked and fast changes of stimulus-correlated electrical activity
involved both short (N20) and long latency (P60 and P100) components of SEPs. In addition, the observed short-term response variability appeared to be centrally generated and specifically related to the
evolution of the spontaneous oscillatory pattern. The present findings
demonstrate that thalamo-cortical processing of sensory information is
not stationary in the very short period (approximately 500 ms) during
natural SWS.
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