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J Neurophysiol (April 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00497.2002
Submitted on Submitted 1 July 2002; accepted in final form 11 November 2002
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10029; 2Interdisciplinary Program in the Brain Sciences, Gonda (Goldschmied) Medical Diagnostic Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; and 3Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10032
Hurwitz, Itay,
Irving Kupfermann, and
Klaudiusz R. Weiss.
Fast Synaptic Connections From CBIs to Pattern-Generating Neurons
in Aplysia: Initiation and Modification of Motor
Programs. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 2120-2136, 2003. Consummatory feeding movements in Aplysia
californica are organized by a central pattern generator (CPG) in
the buccal ganglia. Buccal motor programs similar to those organized by
the CPG are also initiated and controlled by the cerebro-buccal
interneurons (CBIs), interneurons projecting from the cerebral to the
buccal ganglia. To examine the mechanisms by which CBIs affect buccal motor programs, we have explored systematically the synaptic
connections from three of the CBIs (CBI-1, CBI-2, CBI-3) to key buccal
ganglia CPG neurons (B31/B32, B34, and B63). The CBIs were found to
produce monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with
both fast and slow components. In this report, we have characterized only the fast component. CBI-2 monosynaptically excites neurons B31/B32, B34, and B63, all of which can initiate motor programs when
they are sufficiently stimulated. However, the ability of CBI-2 to
initiate a program stems primarily from the excitation of B63. In
B31/B32, the size of the EPSPs was relatively small and the threshold
for excitation was very high. In addition, preventing firing in either
B34 or B63 showed that only a block in B63 firing prevented CBI-2 from
initiating programs in response to a brief stimulus. The connections
from CBI-2 to the buccal ganglia neurons showed a prominent
facilitation. The facilitation contributed to the ability of CBI-2 to
initiate a BMP and also led to a change in the form of the BMP. The
cholinergic blocker hexamethonium blocked the fast EPSPs induced by
CBI-2 in buccal ganglia neurons and also blocked the EPSPs between a
number of key CPG neurons within the buccal ganglia. CBI-2 and B63 were
able to initiate motor patterns in hexamethonium, although the form of
a motor pattern was changed, indicating that
non-hexamethonium-sensitive receptors contribute to the ability of
these cells to initiate bursts. By contrast to CBI-2, CBI-1 excited B63
but inhibited B34. CBI-3 excited B34 and not B63. The data indicate
that CBI-1, -2, and -3 are components of a system that initiates and
selects between buccal motor programs. Their behavioral function is
likely to depend on which combination of CBIs and CPG elements are activated.
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