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J Neurophysiol (May 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00610.2002
Submitted on Submitted 27 July 2002; accepted in final form 18 January 2003
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Baker, Justin T.,
Timothy M. Harper, and
Lawrence H. Snyder.
Spatial Memory Following Shifts of Gaze. I. Saccades to Memorized
World-Fixed and Gaze-Fixed Targets. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 2564-2576, 2003. During a shift of gaze, an object can move along with gaze or
stay fixed in the world. To examine the effect of an object's reference frame on spatial working memory, we trained monkeys to
memorize locations of visual stimuli as either fixed in the world or
fixed to gaze. Each trial consisted of an initial reference frame
instruction, followed by a peripheral visual flash, a memory-period gaze shift, and finally a memory-guided saccade to the location consistent with the instructed reference frame. The memory-period gaze
shift was either rapid (a saccade) or slow (smooth pursuit or whole
body rotation). This design allowed a comparison of memory-guided saccade performance under various conditions. Our data indicate that
after a rotation or smooth-pursuit eye movement, saccades to memorized
world-fixed targets are more variable than saccades to memorized
gaze-fixed targets. In contrast, memory-guided saccades to world- and
gaze-fixed targets are equally variable following a visually guided
saccade. Across all conditions, accuracy, latency, and main sequence
characteristics of memory-guided saccades are not influenced by the
target's reference frame. Memory-guided saccades are, however, more
accurate after fast compared with slow gaze shifts. These results are
most consistent with an eye-centered representational system for
storing the spatial locations of memorized objects but suggest that the
visual system may engage different mechanisms to update the stored
signal depending on how gaze is shifted.
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