JN Watch the video to learn how APS reaches out to developing nations.
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Neurophysiol 90: 3304-3316, 2003; doi:10.1152/jn.01113.2002
0022-3077/03 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (98)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Ehrsson, H. H.
Right arrow Articles by Naito, E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Ehrsson, H. H.
Right arrow Articles by Naito, E.

Imagery of Voluntary Movement of Fingers, Toes, and Tongue Activates Corresponding Body-Part-Specific Motor Representations

H. Henrik Ehrsson1,2, Stefan Geyer3 and Eiichi Naito1

1Division of Human Brain Research, Department of Neuroscience and 2Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; and 3C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University of Düsseldorf,40225 Düsseldorf, Germany

Submitted 11 December 2002; accepted in final form 20 July 2003

We investigate whether imagery of voluntary movements of different body parts activates somatotopical sections of the human motor cortices. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect the cortical activity when 7 healthy subjects imagine performing repetitive (0.5-Hz) flexion/extension movements of the right fingers or right toes, or horizontal movements of the tongue. We also collected functional images when the subjects actually executed these movements and used these data to define somatotopical representations in the motor areas. In this study, we relate the functional activation maps to cytoarchitectural population maps of areas 4a, 4p, and 6 in the same standard anatomical space. The important novel findings are 1) that imagery of hand movements specifically activates the hand sections of the contralateral primary motor cortex (area 4a) and the contralateral dorsal premotor cortex (area 6) and a hand representation located in the caudal cingulate motor area and the most ventral part of the supplementary motor area; 2) that when imagining making foot movements, the foot zones of the posterior part of the contralateral supplementary motor area (area 6) and the contralateral primary motor cortex (area 4a) are active; and 3) that imagery of tongue movements activates the tongue region of the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex bilaterally (areas 4a, 4p, and 6). These results demonstrate that imagery of action engages the somatotopically organized sections of the primary motor cortex in a systematic manner as well as activating some body-part-specific representations in the nonprimary motor areas. Thus the content of the mental motor image, in this case the body part, is reflected in the pattern of motor cortical activation.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: H. H. Ehrsson, Functional Imaging Laboratory, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuro-science, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (E-mail: H.Ehrsson{at}fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk).




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. Thyrion and J.-P. Roll
Perceptual Integration of Illusory and Imagined Kinesthetic Images
J. Neurosci., July 1, 2009; 29(26): 8483 - 8492.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Neurorehabil Neural RepairHome page
F. Malouin, C. L. Richards, A. Durand, M. Descent, D. Poire, P. Fremont, S. Pelet, J. Gresset, and J. Doyon
Effects of Practice, Visual Loss, Limb Amputation, and Disuse on Motor Imagery Vividness
Neurorehabil Neural Repair, June 1, 2009; 23(5): 449 - 463.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
R. C. Helmich, E. Aarts, F. P. de Lange, B. R. Bloem, and I. Toni
Increased Dependence of Action Selection on Recent Motor History in Parkinson's Disease
J. Neurosci., May 13, 2009; 29(19): 6105 - 6113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. L. Smith, M. Crawford, U. Proske, J. L. Taylor, and S. C. Gandevia
Signals of motor command bias joint position sense in the presence of feedback from proprioceptors
J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2009; 106(3): 950 - 958.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Neurorehabil Neural RepairHome page
N. Gueugneau, B. Mauvieux, and C. Papaxanthis
Circadian Modulation of Mentally Simulated Motor Actions: Implications for the Potential Use of Motor Imagery in Rehabilitation
Neurorehabil Neural Repair, March 1, 2009; 23(3): 237 - 245.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
B. Pelgrims, M. Andres, and E. Olivier
Double Dissociation between Motor and Visual Imagery in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Cereb Cortex, January 23, 2009; (2009) bhn248v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
L. Passamonti, J. B. Rowe, C. Schwarzbauer, M. P. Ewbank, E. von dem Hagen, and A. J. Calder
Personality Predicts the Brain's Response to Viewing Appetizing Foods: The Neural Basis of a Risk Factor for Overeating
J. Neurosci., January 7, 2009; 29(1): 43 - 51.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
T. Hanakawa, M. A. Dimyan, and M. Hallett
Motor Planning, Imagery, and Execution in the Distributed Motor Network: A Time-Course Study with Functional MRI
Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2008; 18(12): 2775 - 2788.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
K. MacIver, D. M. Lloyd, S. Kelly, N. Roberts, and T. Nurmikko
Phantom limb pain, cortical reorganization and the therapeutic effect of mental imagery
Brain, August 1, 2008; 131(8): 2181 - 2191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
C. M. Stinear, P. A. Barber, J. P. Coxon, M. K. Fleming, and W. D. Byblow
Priming the motor system enhances the effects of upper limb therapy in chronic stroke
Brain, May 1, 2008; 131(5): 1381 - 1390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
S. Bray, S. Shimojo, and J. P. O'Doherty
Direct Instrumental Conditioning of Neural Activity Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Derived Reward Feedback
J. Neurosci., July 11, 2007; 27(28): 7498 - 7507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ptjournalHome page
R. Dickstein and J. E Deutsch
Motor Imagery in Physical Therapist Practice
Physical Therapy, July 1, 2007; 87(7): 942 - 953.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Hand Surg Eur VolHome page
B. ROSEN and G. LUNDBORG
Enhanced Sensory Recovery after Median Nerve Epair Using Cortical Audio-Tactile Interaction. A Randomised Multicentre Study
J Hand Surg Eur Vol., February 1, 2007; 32(1): 31 - 37.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. Verstynen, T. Konkle, and R. B. Ivry
Two Types of TMS-Induced Movement Variability After Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1018 - 1029.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
S. Brown, M. J. Martinez, and L. M. Parsons
The Neural Basis of Human Dance
Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2006; 16(8): 1157 - 1167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
N. Sharma, V. M. Pomeroy, and J.-C. Baron
Motor Imagery: A Backdoor to the Motor System After Stroke?
Stroke, July 1, 2006; 37(7): 1941 - 1952.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
E. Naito and H. H. Ehrsson
Somatic sensation of hand-object interactive movement is associated with activity in the left inferior parietal cortex.
J. Neurosci., April 5, 2006; 26(14): 3783 - 3790.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
P. Michelon, J. M. Vettel, and J. M. Zacks
Lateral Somatotopic Organization During Imagined and Prepared Movements
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 811 - 822.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
O. Oullier, K.J. Jantzen, F.L. Steinberg, and J.A.S. Kelso
Neural Substrates of Real and Imagined Sensorimotor Coordination
Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2005; 15(7): 975 - 985.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. A. Lebedev, J. M. Carmena, J. E. O'Doherty, M. Zacksenhouse, C. S. Henriquez, J. C. Principe, and M. A. L. Nicolelis
Cortical Ensemble Adaptation to Represent Velocity of an Artificial Actuator Controlled by a Brain-Machine Interface
J. Neurosci., May 11, 2005; 25(19): 4681 - 4693.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
T. Hanakawa, S. Parikh, M. K. Bruno, and M. Hallett
Finger and Face Representations in the Ipsilateral Precentral Motor Areas in Humans
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2005; 93(5): 2950 - 2958.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
E. Naito, P. E. Roland, C. Grefkes, H. J. Choi, S. Eickhoff, S. Geyer, K. Zilles, and H. H. Ehrsson
Dominance of the Right Hemisphere and Role of Area 2 in Human Kinesthesia
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2005; 93(2): 1020 - 1034.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
U. Wolfensteller, R. I. Schubotz, and D. Y. von Cramon
"What" Becoming "Where": Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Pragmatic Relevance Driving Premotor Cortex
J. Neurosci., November 17, 2004; 24(46): 10431 - 10439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online
Copyright © 2003 by the The American Physiological Society.