HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 91/1/449    most recent 00876.2002v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (21) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Padoa-Schioppa, C. Articles by Bizzi, E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Padoa-Schioppa, C. Articles by Bizzi, E.

Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary Motor Area of Monkeys Adapting to a New Dynamic Environment

McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

Submitted 1 October 2002; accepted in final form 4 September 2003

To execute visually guided reaching movements, the central nervous system (CNS) must transform a desired hand trajectory (kinematics) into appropriate muscle-related commands (dynamics). It has been suggested that the CNS might face this challenging computation by using internal forward models for the dynamics. Previous work in humans found that new internal models can be acquired through experience. In a series of studies in monkeys, we investigated how neurons in the motor areas of the frontal lobe reflect the movement dynamics and how their activity changes when monkeys learn a new internal model. Here we describe the results for the supplementary motor area (SMA-proper, or SMA). In the experiments, monkeys executed visually guided reaching movements and adapted to an external perturbing force field. The experimental design allowed dissociating the neuronal activity related to movement dynamics from that related to movement kinematics. It also allowed dissociating the changes related to motor learning from the activity related to motor performance (kinematics and dynamics). We show that neurons in SMA reflect the movement dynamics individually and as a population, and that their activity undergoes a variety of plastic changes when monkeys adapt to a new dynamic environment.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. G. Richardson, G. Lassi-Tucci, C. Padoa-Schioppa, and E. Bizzi Neuronal Activity in the Cingulate Motor Areas During Adaptation to a New Dynamic Environment J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2008; 99(3): 1253 - 1266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Truccolo, G. M. Friehs, J. P. Donoghue, and L. R. Hochberg Primary Motor Cortex Tuning to Intended Movement Kinematics in Humans with Tetraplegia J. Neurosci., January 30, 2008; 28(5): 1163 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Chestek, A. P. Batista, G. Santhanam, B. M. Yu, A. Afshar, J. P. Cunningham, V. Gilja, S. I. Ryu, M. M. Churchland, and K. V. Shenoy Single-Neuron Stability during Repeated Reaching in Macaque Premotor Cortex J. Neurosci., October 3, 2007; 27(40): 10742 - 10750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-w. Tseng, J. Diedrichsen, J. W. Krakauer, R. Shadmehr, and A. J. Bastian Sensory Prediction Errors Drive Cerebellum-Dependent Adaptation of Reaching J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2007; 98(1): 54 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Richardson, S. A. Overduin, A. Valero-Cabre, C. Padoa-Schioppa, A. Pascual-Leone, E. Bizzi, and D. Z. Press Disruption of Primary Motor Cortex before Learning Impairs Memory of Movement Dynamics J. Neurosci., November 29, 2006; 26(48): 12466 - 12470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Chen, S. E. Hua, M. A. Smith, F. A. Lenz, and R. Shadmehr Effects of Human Cerebellar Thalamus Disruption on Adaptive Control of Reaching Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1462 - 1473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. E. Milner, D. W. Franklin, H. Imamizu, and M. Kawato Central Representation of Dynamics When Manipulating Handheld Objects J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 893 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Paz, C. Natan, T. Boraud, H. Bergman, and E. Vaadia Emerging Patterns of Neuronal Responses in Supplementary and Primary Motor Areas during Sensorimotor Adaptation J. Neurosci., November 23, 2005; 25(47): 10941 - 10951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Diedrichsen, Y. Hashambhoy, T. Rane, and R. Shadmehr Neural Correlates of Reach Errors J. Neurosci., October 26, 2005; 25(43): 9919 - 9931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Lebedev, J. M. Carmena, J. E. O'Doherty, M. Zacksenhouse, C. S. Henriquez, J. C. Principe, and M. A. L. Nicolelis Cortical Ensemble Adaptation to Represent Velocity of an Artificial Actuator Controlled by a Brain-Machine Interface J. Neurosci., May 11, 2005; 25(19): 4681 - 4693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Hoshi and J. Tanji Differential Roles of Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas: From Information Retrieval to Motor Planning and Execution J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2004; 92(6): 3482 - 3499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]