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J Neurophysiol 91: 555-560, 2004. First published September 10, 2003; doi:10.1152/jn.00694.2003
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Report

Integration of Temporal Order and Object Information in the Monkey Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

Yoshihisa Ninokura1,2, Hajime Mushiake1,2 and Jun Tanji1,2

1Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980, Japan; and 2CORE Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi 332, Japan

Submitted 18 July 2003; accepted in final form 9 September 2003

Generation of information about the temporal order of events is essential for the control of memory-based behavioral tasks. We studied cellular activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in two monkeys that were required to remember the temporal order in which visual objects were presented. In this report, we focus on cellular activity in response to the sequential appearance of three different objects. We identified cells that responded selectively to physical properties (color and shape) of objects (23%) in the ventral part of the LPFC and cells for which activity was selective for the numerical position (rank order) of objects (44%) in the dorsal part of the LPFC. We also identified cells for which activity was selective for both the physical properties and rank order of objects (30%). The third type of cells, distributed in the ventral LPFC, seems of importance in integrating the two categories of information, i.e., physical and temporal information about the occurrences of objects to construct sequential order information. Furthermore, we identified a distinct group of cells that exhibited selectivity for the sequence of presentation of the three objects. Our findings suggest that LPFC cells are involved in encoding temporal sequences of events when such information is required for planning forthcoming motor behavior.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. Tanji, Dept. of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980, Japan (E-mail: tanjij{at}mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp).




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