HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (25) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Angelaki, D. E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Angelaki, D. E.

REVIEW

Eyes on Target: What Neurons Must do for the Vestibuloocular Reflex During Linear Motion

Department of Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Submitted 14 January 2004; accepted in final form 24 February 2004

ABSTRACT

A gaze-stabilization reflex that has been conserved throughout evolution is the rotational vestibuloocular reflex (RVOR), which keeps images stable on the entire retina during head rotation. An ethological newer reflex, the translational or linear VOR (TVOR), provides fast foveal image stabilization during linear motion. Whereas the sensorimotor processing has been extensively studied in the RVOR, much less is currently known about the neural organization of the TVOR. Here we summarize the computational problems faced by the system and the potential solutions that might be used by brain stem and cerebellar neurons participating in the VORs. First and foremost, recent experimental and theoretical evidence has shown that, contrary to popular beliefs, the sensory signals driving the TVOR arise from both the otolith organs and the semicircular canals. Additional unresolved issues include a scaling by both eye position and vergence angle as well as the temporal transformation of linear acceleration signals into eye-position commands. Behavioral differences between the RVOR and TVOR, as well as distinct differences in neuroanatomical and neurophysiological properties, raise multiple functional questions and computational issues, only some of which are readily understood. In this review, we provide a summary of what is known about the functional properties and neural substrates for this oculomotor system and outline some specific hypotheses about how sensory information is centrally processed to create motor commands for the VORs.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W. L. Miller, V. Maffei, G. Bosco, M. Iosa, M. Zago, E. Macaluso, and F. Lacquaniti Vestibular Nuclei and Cerebellum Put Visual Gravitational Motion in Context J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2008; 99(4): 1969 - 1982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Li, J. Xue, and E. H. Peterson Architecture of the Mouse Utricle: Macular Organization and Hair Bundle Heights J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 718 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Takahashi, Y. Gu, P. J. May, S. D. Newlands, G. C. DeAngelis, and D. E. Angelaki Multimodal Coding of Three-Dimensional Rotation and Translation in Area MSTd: Comparison of Visual and Vestibular Selectivity J. Neurosci., September 5, 2007; 27(36): 9742 - 9756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Zhou, Y. Xu, I. Simpson, and Y. Cai Multiplicative Computation in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2007; 97(4): 2780 - 2789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Zhou, B. F. Tang, S. D. Newlands, and W. M. King Responses of Monkey Vestibular-Only Neurons to Translation and Angular Rotation J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2006; 96(6): 2915 - 2930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Guillaud, G. Gauthier, J.-L. Vercher, and J. Blouin Fusion of Visuo-ocular and Vestibular Signals in Arm Motor Control J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2006; 95(2): 1134 - 1146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M.F. Wong and J. A. Sharpe Cerebellar skew deviation and the torsional vestibuloocular reflex Neurology, August 9, 2005; 65(3): 412 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Meng, A. M. Green, J. D. Dickman, and D. E. Angelaki Pursuit--Vestibular Interactions in Brain Stem Neurons During Rotation and Translation J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2005; 93(6): 3418 - 3433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. RAMAT and D. S. ZEE Binocular Coordination in Fore/Aft Motion Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2005; 1039(1): 36 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zago, G. Bosco, V. Maffei, M. Iosa, Y. P. Ivanenko, and F. Lacquaniti Fast Adaptation of the Internal Model of Gravity for Manual Interceptions: Evidence for Event-Dependent Learning J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2005; 93(2): 1055 - 1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]