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J Neurophysiol 92: 3522-3531, 2004. First published July 28, 2004; doi:10.1152/jn.01228.2003
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Timing and Laminar Profile of Eye-Position Effects on Auditory Responses in Primate Auditory Cortex

Kai-Ming G. Fu1,2 , Ankoor S. Shah1,2, Monica N. O'Connell1, Tammy McGinnis1, Haftan Eckholdt2, Peter Lakatos1,3 , John Smiley1 and Charles E. Schroeder1,2

1Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962; 2Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461 and 3Institute for Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1394 Budapest, Hungary

Submitted 17 December 2003; accepted in final form 7 July 2004

We examined effects of eye position on auditory cortical responses in macaques. Laminar current-source density (CSD) and multiunit activity (MUA) profiles were sampled with linear array multielectrodes. Eye position significantly modulated auditory-evoked CSD amplitude in 24/29 penetrations (83%), across A1 and belt regions; 4/24 cases also showed significant MUA AM. Eye-position effects occurred mainly in the supragranular laminae and lagged the co-located auditory response by, on average, 38 ms. Effects in A1 and belt regions were indistinguishable in amplitude, laminar profile, and latency. The timing and laminar profile of the eye-position effects suggest that they are not combined with auditory signals at a subcortical stage of the lemniscal auditory pathways and simply "fed-forward" into cortex. Rather, these effects may be conveyed to auditory cortex by feedback projections from parietal or frontal cortices, or alternatively, they may be conveyed by nonclassical feedforward projections through auditory koniocellular (calbindin positive) neurons.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. E. Schroeder, Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962 (E-mail: schrod{at}nki.rfmh.org).




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