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J Neurophysiol 93: 1209-1222, 2005. First published November 3, 2004; doi:10.1152/jn.00720.2004
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Ipsilateral Motor Cortex Activity During Unimanual Hand Movements Relates to Task Complexity

Timothy Verstynen 1,2,*, Jörn Diedrichsen1,3,*, Neil Albert1,2, Paul Aparicio1 and Richard B. Ivry1,2

1Department of Psychology and 2Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California; and 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns-Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

Submitted 14 July 2004; accepted in final form 22 October 2004

Functional imaging studies have revealed recruitment of ipsilateral motor areas during the production of sequential unimanual finger movements. This phenomenon is more prominent in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements than in the right hemisphere during right-hand movements. Here we investigate whether this lateralization pattern is related specifically to the sequential structure of the unimanual action or generalizes to other complex movements. Using event-related fMRI, we measured activation changes in the motor cortex during three types of unimanual movements: repetitions of a sequence of movements with multiple fingers, repetitive "chords" composed of three simultaneous key presses, and simple repetitive tapping movements with a single finger. During sequence and chord movements, strong ipsilateral activation was observed and was especially pronounced in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements. This pattern was evident for both right-handed and, to a lesser degree, left-handed individuals. Ipsilateral activation was less pronounced in the tapping condition. The site of ipsilateral activation was shifted laterally, ventrally, and anteriorly with respect to that observed during contralateral movements and the time course of activation implied a role in the execution rather than planning of the movement. A control experiment revealed that strong ipsilateral activity in left motor cortex is specific to complex movements and does not depend on the number of required muscles. These findings indicate a prominent role of left hemisphere in the execution of complex movements independent of the sequential nature of the task.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. Verstynen, Dept, of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (E-mail: timothyv{at}socrates.berkeley.edu)




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