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J Neurophysiol 97: 670-679, 2007. First published July 26, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01366.2005 Free Article
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Odor-Driven Activity in the Olfactory Cortex of an In Vitro Isolated Guinea Pig Whole Brain With Olfactory Epithelium

Takahiro Ishikawa1, Takaaki Sato2, Akira Shimizu1, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui1, Marco de Curtis3 and Toshio Iijima1

1Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Japan; 2Research Institute for Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Amagasaki, Japan; and 3Department of Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Instituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy

Submitted 27 December 2005; accepted in final form 12 June 2006

We developed a new technique to isolate a whole guinea pig brain with an intact olfactory epithelium (OE) that enables us to access the ventral surface of the brain including olfactory areas with ease during natural odor stimulation. We applied odorants to OE and confirmed that odor-induced local field potentials (LFPs) could be induced in olfactory areas. In the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex (PC), odor-induced LFPs consisted of a phasic initial component followed by a fast activity oscillation in the beta range (20 Hz). To understand the neural mechanisms of odor-induced responses especially in the anterior PC, we analyzed odor-induced LFPs, together with unit activity data. We confirmed that the initial component of odor-induced response has a characteristic temporal pattern, generated by a relatively weak direct afferent input, followed by an intra-cortical associative response, which was associated with a phasic inhibition. The beta oscillation might be formed by the repetition of these network activities. These electrophysiological data were consistent with the results of previous studies that used slice or in vivo preparations, suggesting that the olfactory neural network and activities of the brain are preserved in our new in vitro preparation. This study provides the basis for clarifying the sequence of neural activities underlying odor information processing in the brain in vitro following natural olfactory stimulation.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. Iijima, Div. of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (E-mail: t-iijima{at}mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp)






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