HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 97/2/1457    most recent 00433.2006v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (3) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Murthy, A. Articles by Thompson, K. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Murthy, A. Articles by Thompson, K. G.

Frontal Eye Field Contributions to Rapid Corrective Saccades

¹National Brain Research Centre, Haryana, India; ²Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and ³Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland

Submitted 25 April 2006; accepted in final form 22 November 2006

Visually guided movements can be inaccurate, especially if unexpected events occur while the movement is programmed. Often errors of gaze are corrected before external feedback can be processed. Evidence is presented from macaque monkey frontal eye field (FEF), a cortical area that selects visual targets, allocates attention, and programs saccadic eye movements, for a neural mechanism that can correct saccade errors before visual afferent or performance monitoring signals can register the error. Macaques performed visual search for a color singleton that unpredictably changed position in a circular array as in classic double-step experiments. Consequently, some saccades were directed in error to the original target location. These were followed frequently by unrewarded, corrective saccades to the final target location. We previously showed that visually responsive neurons represent the new target location even if gaze shifted errantly to the original target location. Now we show that the latency of corrective saccades is predicted by the timing of movement-related activity in the FEF. Preceding rapid corrective saccades, the movement-related activity of all neurons began before explicit error signals arise in the medial frontal cortex. The movement-related activity of many neurons began before visual feedback of the error was registered and that of a few neurons began before the error saccade was completed. Thus movement-related activity leading to rapid corrective saccades can be guided by an internal representation of the environment updated with a forward model of the error.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. A. Berman, L. M. Heiser, C. A. Dunn, R. C. Saunders, and C. L. Colby Dynamic Circuitry for Updating Spatial Representations. III. From Neurons to Behavior J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2007; 98(1): 105 - 121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]