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Self-Tuning of Neural Circuits Through Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity

¹Center for Theoretical Neuroscience in the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, New York; and ²Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universitaet Graz, Graz, Austria

Submitted 24 December 2006; accepted in final form 28 March 2007

Numerous experimental data show that cortical networks of neurons are not silent in the absence of external inputs, but rather maintain a low spontaneous firing activity. This aspect of cortical networks is likely to be important for their computational function, but is hard to reproduce in models of cortical circuits of neurons because the low-activity regime is inherently unstable. Here we show—through theoretical analysis and extensive computer simulations—that short-term synaptic plasticity endows models of cortical circuits with a remarkable stability in the low-activity regime. This short-term plasticity works as a homeostatic mechanism that stabilizes the overall activity level in spite of drastic changes in external inputs and internal circuit properties, while preserving reliable transient responses to signals. The contribution of synaptic dynamics to this stability can be predicted on the basis of general principles from control theory.

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				P. J. Sjostrom, E. A. Rancz, A. Roth, and M. Hausser Dendritic Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Physiol Rev, April 1, 2008; 88(2): 769 - 840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]