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J Neurophysiol 97: 4258-4270, 2007. First published March 28, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01180.2006
0022-3077/07 $8.00
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Motor Cortical Representation of Position and Velocity During Reaching

Wei Wang1, Sherwin S. Chan1, Dustin A. Heldman1 and Daniel W. Moran1,2

1Department of Biomedical Engineering and 2Department of Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri

Submitted 6 November 2006; accepted in final form 13 March 2007

This study examines motor cortical representation of hand position and its relationship to the representation of hand velocity during reaching movements. In all, 978 motor cortical neurons were recorded from the proximal arm area of rostral motor cortex. The results demonstrate that position and velocity are simultaneously encoded by single motor cortical neurons in an additive fashion and that the relative weights of the position and velocity signals change dynamically during reaching. The two variables—hand position and hand velocity—are highly correlated in the standard center-out reaching task. A new reaching task (standard reaching) is introduced to minimize these correlations. Likewise, a new decoding method (indirect OLE) was developed to analyze the data by simultaneously decoding both three-dimensional (3D) hand position and 3D hand velocity from correlated neural activity. This method shows that, on average, the reconstructed velocity led the actual hand velocity by 122 ms, whereas the reconstructed position signal led the actual hand position by 81 ms.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: D. W. Moran, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Uncas A. Whitaker Hall, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130 (E-mail: dmoran{at}wustl.edu)




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