HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 99/2/759    most recent 00896.2006v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (10) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Emeric, E. E. Articles by Schall, J. D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Emeric, E. E. Articles by Schall, J. D.

Performance Monitoring Local Field Potentials in the Medial Frontal Cortex of Primates: Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee

Submitted 22 August 2007; accepted in final form 9 December 2007

We describe intracranial local field potentials (LFP) recorded in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of macaque monkeys performing a saccade countermanding task. The most prominent feature at 70% of sites was greater negative polarity after errors than after rewarded correct trials. This negative polarity was also evoked in unrewarded correct trials. The LFP evoked by the visual target was much less polarized, and the weak presaccadic modulation was insufficient to control the initiation of saccades. When saccades were cancelled, LFP modulation decreased slightly with the magnitude of response conflict that corresponds to the coactivation of gaze-shifting and -holding neurons estimated from the probability of canceling. However, response time adjustments on subsequent trials were not correlated with LFP polarity on individual trials. The results provide clear evidence that error- and feedback-related, but not conflict-related, signals are carried by the LFP in the macaque ACC. Finding performance monitoring field potentials in the ACC of macaque monkeys establishes a bridge between event-related potential and functional brain-imaging studies in humans and neurophysiology studies in non-human primates.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. B. Holroyd, O. E. Krigolson, R. Baker, S. Lee, and J. Gibson When is an error not a prediction error? An electrophysiological investigation Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, March 1, 2009; 9(1): 59 - 70. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. A. Stevenson, J. K. Elsley, and B. D. Corneil A "Gap Effect" on Stop Signal Reaction Times in a Human Saccadic Countermanding Task J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2009; 101(2): 580 - 590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Barch, T. S. Braver, C. S. Carter, R. A. Poldrack, and T. W. Robbins CNTRICS Final Task Selection: Executive Control Schizophr Bull, January 1, 2009; 35(1): 115 - 135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]