Submitted on January 18, 2008
Accepted on April 4, 2008
Nasal solitary chemoreceptor cell responses to bitter and trigeminal stimulants in vitro
Brian David Gulbransen1*, Tod R. Clapp2, Thomas E. Finger1, and Sue C. Kinnamon2
1 Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
2 Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bgulbran{at}ucalgary.ca.
Nasal trigeminal chemosensitivity in mice and rats is mediated in part by epithelial solitary chemoreceptor (chemosensory) cells (SCCs), but the exact role of these cells in chemoreception is unclear (Finger et al. 2003). Histological evidence suggests that SCCs express elements of the bitter taste transduction pathway including T2R (bitter taste) receptors, the G protein 
-gustducin, PLC
2, and TRPM5, leading to speculation that SCCs are the receptor cells that mediate trigeminal nerve responses to bitter taste receptor ligands. To test this hypothesis, we used calcium imaging to determine whether SCCs respond to classic bitter-tasting or trigeminal stimulants. SCCs from the anterior nasal cavity were isolated from transgenic mice in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was driven by either TRPM5 or gustducin. Isolated cells were exposed to a variety of test stimuli to determine which substances caused an increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). GFP positive cells respond with increased [Ca2+]i to the bitter receptor ligand denatonium, and this response is blocked by the PLC inhibitor U73122. In addition, GFP+ cells respond to the neuromodulators ATP and ACh but only very rarely to other bitter-tasting or trigeminal stimuli. Our results demonstrate that TRPM5- and gustducin-expressing nasal SCCs respond to the T2R agonist, denatonium via a PLC-coupled transduction cascade typical of T2Rs in the taste system.
