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1 Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: adamsd{at}vision.ucsf.edu.
Many neurophysiological experiments involving monkeys require that the head be stabilized while the animal performs a task. Often a post is attached to the skull to accomplish this goal, using a headcap formed from dental acrylic. We describe a new headpost, developed by refinement of several prototypes, and supply an AutoCAD file to aid production. This headpost is fabricated from a single piece of commercially pure titanium. It has a footplate consisting of four limbs in a K configuration. These are bent during surgery to match the curvature of the skull and attached with titanium bone screws. Headposts were implanted in six rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 2 years to adult. None has been rejected after up to 15 months of regular use. They require little or no daily toilette, and create only a 0.80 cm2 defect in the scalp. Computed tomography after implantation showed that the skull undergoes remodeling to embed the footplate in bone. This was confirmed by necropsy in two subjects. The outer table of the skull had grown over the footplate, while the inner table had thickened to bury the screws. The strength of the skull/implant bond was tested by applying increasing torque to the headpost. At 26.3 Nm, the headpost tore from the footplate, but no screws loosened. The excellent performance of this implant results from integration of biocompatible titanium into remodeled bone. The headpost is simpler to implant, more securely anchored, easier to maintain, and less obtrusive than devices attached with acrylic.
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J. R. Economides, D. L. Adams, C. M. Jocson, and J. C. Horton Ocular Motor Behavior in Macaques With Surgical Exotropia J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2007; 98(6): 3411 - 3422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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