JN Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     


J Neurophysiol (May 31, 2005). doi:10.1152/jn.00117.2005
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
94/3/2120    most recent
00117.2005v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Saltiel, P.
Right arrow Articles by Bizzi, E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Saltiel, P.
Right arrow Articles by Bizzi, E.
Submitted on February 1, 2005
Accepted on May 19, 2005

Localization and connectivity in spinal interneuronal networks: the adduction-caudal extension-flexion rhythm in the frog

Philippe Saltiel*, Kuno Wyler-Duda, Andrea d'Avella, Robert J. Ajemian, and Emilio Bizzi

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: saltiel{at}mit.edu.

We have previously reported that focal intraspinal NMDA iontophoresis in the frog elicits a motor output, which is organized in terms of its constituent isometric force directions at the ipsilateral ankle, and its topography. Furthermore, the associated EMG patterns can be reconstructed as the linear combinations of 7 muscle synergies, labeled A to G. We now focus on one of the most common NMDA-elicited outputs: the adduction-caudal extension-flexion rhythm, and examine the relationship between the different force phases in terms of synergies and topography. Two distinct EMG patterns produce caudal extensions, and only one of the two patterns is used at most sites. The key synergy combinations for the two patterns are B + e and D + c (strongest synergies capitalized). These two patterns map at distinct locations in the lumbar cord. Within individual sites rhythms, we find linkages among the synergies utilized to produce adductions, the onsets of flexions following caudal extensions, and the synergy pattern producing the caudal extensions. For example, the synergy composition of adductions at B + e caudal extension sites is dominated by E + b, and at D + c caudal extension sites by C + d. The two types of adductions map at distinct locations, situated between the two caudal extension regions. Specifically the linked patterns of caudal extension-adduction interleave rostrocaudally in a CE2-ADD1-ADD2-CE1 sequence, where 1 and 2 refer to the two pattern types. The implications of this topography and connectivity with respect to motor systems organization and behaviors are discussed.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
G. Torres-Oviedo and L. H. Ting
Muscle Synergies Characterizing Human Postural Responses
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2007; 98(4): 2144 - 2156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
G. Torres-Oviedo, J. M. Macpherson, and L. H. Ting
Muscle Synergy Organization Is Robust Across a Variety of Postural Perturbations
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1530 - 1546.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Visit Other APS Journals Online
Copyright © 2005 by the The American Physiological Society.