Sleep abnormalities are coexpressed with human communication disorders. Recent data from the birdsong system, the best model for human speech, indicate that sleep has a critical role in vocal learning (Deregnaucourt et al., 2005). To understand the neural mechanisms that underlie behavioral changes during sleep, we recorded sleep activity in the song control area HVC longitudinally during song development in zebra finches. We focused on the sensorimotor phase of song learning, when the finch shapes his song behavior toward a learned tutor song model. Direct comparison of sleep activity in adults and juveniles revealed that the juvenile HVC has a lower spike rate and longer silent periods than the adult. Within individual finches, sleep silent periods decreased and spike rate increased with age. We next systematically compared neural sleep activity and song behavior. We now report that spike rate during sleep was significantly correlated with overnight changes in song behavior. Collectively, these data indicate that sleep activity in the vocal control area HVC increases with age and may affect song behavior.