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1 Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisiologia, Universita di Parma, Parma, Parma, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vraos{at}med.uoc.gr.
We investigated the properties of neurons located in the distal forelimb field of dorsal premotor area F2 of macaque monkey employing a behavioral paradigm for studying the neuronal discharge during observation (object fixation condition) and grasping of different three-dimensional objects with and without visual guidance of the movement (movement in light and movement in dark conditions, respectively). The main result is that almost all studied neurons were selective for both the type of prehension and the wrist orientation required for grasping an object. Three categories of neurons were found: purely motor, visually-modulated and visuomotor neurons. The discharge of purely motor neurons was not affected by either object presentation or by the visual feedback of the hand approaching to and interacting with the object. Visually-modulated neurons presented a different discharge in the two movement conditions, this determining a decrease in selectivity for the grip and wrist orientation in the movement in dark condition. Visuomotor neurons typically discharged during the object fixation task even in the absence of any grasping movement. Nine of them also displayed different discharge rate between the two movement conditions. Congruence was observed between the neuron response during the most effective type of prehension and the neuron response during observation of the object requiring that particular prehension. These results indicate an important role of F2 in the control of goal-related hand movements.
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