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1 Physiology & Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
2 Neurophysiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rodolfo.llinas{at}med.nyu.edu.
This article addresses the functional significance of the electrophysiological properties of thalamic neurons with the aim of setting such properties into the context of global brain function. We propose that thalamocortical activity, omnipresent in both the waking and sleeping states, is the product of the intrinsic electrical properties of the TC neurons and the connectivity their axons weave. We begin this review with an overview of the electrophysiological properties of single neurons in different functional states. This is followed by a review of the phylogeny of the electrical properties of thalamic neurons. Including intracellular recordings several vertebrate species. The similarity of their electrophysiological properties unambiguously indicates that the thalamocortical system must be as ancient as the vertebrate branch itself. We address the view that rather than simply relays, thalamic neurons have sui generis intrinsic electrical properties that govern them specific functional dynamics and regulate natural function states such as sleep and vigilance. In addition, thalamocortical activity has been shown to be involved in the genesis of several neuropsychiatric conditions collectively described as thalamocortical dysrhythmia syndrome.
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