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J Neurophysiol (May 17, 2006). doi:10.1152/jn.00215.2006
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Submitted on February 28, 2006
Accepted on May 9, 2006

Motor Adaptation to Single Force Pulses: Sensitive to Direction but Insensitive to Within-Movement Pulse Placement and Magnitude

Michael S. Fine1* and Kurt A. Thoroughman1

1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: msf1{at}cec.wustl.edu.

Although previous experiments have identified that errors in movement induce adaptation, the precise manner in which errors determine subsequent control is poorly understood. Here we used transient pulses of force, distributed pseudorandomly throughout a movement set, to study how the timing of feedback within a movement influenced subsequent predictive control. Human subjects generated a robust adaptive response in post-pulse movements that opposed the pulse direction. All pulses yielded similar changes in predictive control regardless of the location or magnitude of the pulse. Current supervised and unsupervised theories of motor learning all presume that adaptation is proportional to error. Current neural models that broadly encode movement velocity and adapt proportionally to motor error can mimic human insensitivity to pulse location, but cannot mimic human insensitivity to pulse magnitude. We conclude that single trial adaptation to force pulses reveals a categorical strategy that humans adopt to counter the direction, rather than the magnitude, of movement error.




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