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J Neurophysiol (July 13, 2005). doi:10.1152/jn.00218.2005
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Submitted on March 1, 2005
Accepted on July 10, 2005

Sleep restriction suppresses neurogenesis induced by hippocampus-dependent learning

Ilana S. Hairston1*, Milton T. M. Little2, Michael D. Scanlon2, Monique T. Barakat2, Theo D. Palmer2, Robert M. Sapolsky2, and H. Craig Heller2

1 Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
2 Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hairston{at}berkeley.edu.

Sleep deprivation impairs hippocampal-dependent learning, which, in turn, is associated with increased survival of new born cells in the hippocampus. We tested whether the deleterious effects of sleep restriction on hippocampus-dependent memory were associated with reduced cell survival in the hippocampus. We show that sleep restriction impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and abolished learning-induced neurogenesis. Animals were trained in a water maze on either a spatial learning (hippocampus-dependent) task, or a non-spatial (hippocampus-independent) task, for four days. Sleep restricted animals were kept awake for half their rest phase on each of the training days. Consistent with previous reports, animals trained on the hippocampus-dependent task expressed increased survival of new born cells in comparison with animals trained on the hippocampus-independent task. This increase was abolished by sleep restriction which caused overall reduced cell survival in all animals. Sleep restriction also selectively impaired spatial learning while performance in the non-spatial task was, surprisingly, improved. Further analysis demonstrated that in both training groups, fully rested animals applied a spatial strategy irrespective of task requirements; this strategy interfered with performance in the non-spatial task. Conversely, in sleep restricted animals this preferred spatial strategy was eliminated, favoring the utilization of non-spatial information, and hence improving performance in the non-spatial task. These findings suggest that sleep loss altered behavioral strategies to those that do not depend on the hippocampus, concomitantly reversing the neurogenic effects of hippocampus-dependent learning.




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