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J Neurophysiol (June 22, 2005). doi:10.1152/jn.00263.2005
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Submitted on March 11, 2005
Accepted on May 6, 2005

An Oscillatory Hierarchy Controlling Neuronal Excitability and Stimulus Processing in the Auditory Cortex

Peter Lakatos1, Ankoor S. Shah2, Kevin H. Knuth3, Istvan Ulbert4, George Karmos4, and Charles E. Schroeder2*

1 Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA; Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
2 Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
3 Computational Sciences Division, Code TC, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
4 Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: schroeder{at}nki.rfmh.org.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations are hypothesized to reflect cyclical variations in the neuronal excitability, with particular frequency bands reflecting differing spatial scales of brain operation. However, despite decades of clinical and scientific investigation, there is no unifying theory of EEG organization and the role of ongoing activity in sensory processing remains controversial. The present study analyzed laminar profiles of synaptic activity (current source density, CSD) and multiunit activity (MUA), both spontaneous and stimulus-driven, in primary auditory cortex of awake macaque monkeys. Our results reveal that the EEG is hierarchically organized; delta (1-4 Hz) phase modulates theta (4-10 Hz) amplitude, and theta phase modulates gamma (30-50 Hz) amplitude. This Oscillatory Hierarchy controls baseline excitability and thus, stimulus-related responses in a neuronal ensemble. We propose that the hierarchical organization of ambient oscillatory activity allows auditory cortex to structure its temporal activity pattern so as to optimize the processing of rhythmic inputs.




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