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J Neurophysiol (July 30, 2003). doi:10.1152/jn.00269.2003
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Submitted on March 20, 2003
Accepted on July 25, 2003

Effects of amplitude modulation on the coding of interaural time differences of low-frequency sounds in the inferior colliculus. II. neural mechanisms

William R. D'Angelo1, Susanne J. Sterbing1, Ernst-Michael Ostapoff1, and Shigeyuki Kuwada1*

1 Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shig{at}neuron.uchc.edu.

In our companion paper (Sterbing et al. 2003), we reported on ITD-sensitive neurons that enhanced, suppressed, or did not change their response when identical amplitude modulation was added to both ears. Here, we first examined physical factors such as the difference in the interaural correlation, spectrum or energy between the modulated and unmodulated signals. These were insufficient to explain the observed enhancement and suppression. We then examined neural mechanisms by selectively modulating the signal to each ear, varying modulation depth, and adding background noise to the unmodulated signal. These experiments implicated excitatory and inhibitory monaural inputs to the IC. These monaural inputs are postulated to adapt to an unmodulated signal and adapt less to a modulated signal. Thus, enhancement or suppression is created by the convergence of these excitatory or inhibitory inputs with the inputs from the binaural comparators. Under modulation, the role of the monaural input is to shift the threshold of the IC neuron. Consistent with this role, background noise mimicked the effect of modulation. Functionally, enhancement and suppression may serve in detecting the degree of modulation in a sound source while preserving ITD information.




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