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J Neurophysiol (May 19, 2004). doi:10.1152/jn.00276.2004
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Submitted on March 19, 2004
Accepted on May 13, 2004

Large-scale organization of ferret auditory cortex revealed using continuous acquisition of intrinsic optical signals

Israel Nelken*, Jennifer K. Bizley, Fernando R. Nodal, Bashir Ahmed, Jan W. Schnupp, and Andrew J. King

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: israel{at}md.huji.ac.il.

We have adapted a new approach (Kalatsky and Stryker 2003) for intrinsic optical imaging, in which images were acquired continuously while stimuli were delivered in a series of continually-repeated sequences, to provide the first demonstration of the large-scale tonotopic organization of both primary and non-primary areas of the ferret auditory cortex. Optical responses were collected during continuous stimulation by repeated sequences of sounds with varying frequency. The optical signal was averaged as a function of time during the sequence, to produce reflectance modulation functions (RMFs). We examined the stability and properties of the RMFs and show that their zero crossing points provide the best temporal reference points for quantifying the relationship between the stimulus parameter values and optical responses. Sequences of different duration and direction of frequency change gave rise to comparable results, although in some cases discrepancies were observed, mostly between upward and downward frequency sequences. We demonstrated frequency maps, consistent with previous data, in primary auditory cortex (A1) and in the anterior auditory field (AAF), which were verified with electrophysiological recordings. In addition to these tonotopic gradients, we demonstrated at least two new acoustically-responsive areas on the anterior and posterior ectosylvian gyri, which have not previously been described. While responsive to pure tones, these areas exhibit less tonotopic order than the primary fields.




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