JN Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     


J Neurophysiol (June 14, 2006). doi:10.1152/jn.00366.2006
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
96/4/2072    most recent
00366.2006v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hooper, S. L.
Right arrow Articles by Buschges, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hooper, S. L.
Right arrow Articles by Buschges, A.
Submitted on April 7, 2006
Accepted on June 12, 2006

Natural Neural Output that Produces Highly Variable Locomotory Movements

Scott L. Hooper1*, Christoph Guschlbauer2, Geraldine von Uckermann2, and Ansgar Buschges2

1 Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
2 Zoologisches Institut, Universitat zu Koln, Koeln, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hooper{at}ohio.edu.

We recorded Fast Extensor Tibiae motor neuron activity during single legged treadmill walking in the stick insect, Carausius morosus. We used this activity to stimulate the extensor muscle motor nerve, observed the resulting extensor muscle contractions under isotonic conditions, and quantified these contractions with a variety of measures. Extensor contractions induced in this manner were highly variable, with contraction measures having standard deviations of 12% to 51%, and ranges of 82% to 275%, when expressed as percentages of the means, an unexpectedly wide range for a locomotory pattern. Searches for correlations among the contraction measures showed that, in general, this high variability is not reduced by contraction measure co-variation. Comparing responses (to identical input) across animals showed that extensor muscles from different animals generally significantly differed from one another. However, correlation analyses on these data suggested that these differences do not indicate that multiple extensor muscle subtypes exist. Extensor muscles instead appear to belong to a single class, albeit one with high animal to animal variability. These data thus provide another well-quantified example (along with Aplysia feeding) of a repetitive but highly variable motor pattern (in contrast to the high rhythmicity and stereotypy present in most other well-quantified repetitive motor patterns). We suggest this high variability could be an adaptive combination of locomotion, active sensing, and crypsis arising from the relatively low demand for locomotion in Carausius behavior, the highly fragmented environment the animal inhabits, and its need to avoid predatory attention.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S. L. Hooper, C. Guschlbauer, G. von Uckermann, and A. Buschges
Slow Temporal Filtering May Largely Explain the Transformation of Stick Insect (Carausius morosus) Extensor Motor Neuron Activity Into Muscle Movement
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2007; 98(3): 1718 - 1732.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Exp. Biol.Home page
C. Guschlbauer, H. Scharstein, and A. Buschges
The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle
J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2007; 210(6): 1092 - 1108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S. L. Hooper, C. Guschlbauer, G. von Uckermann, and A. Buschges
Different Motor Neuron Spike Patterns Produce Contractions With Very Similar Rises in Graded Slow Muscles
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1428 - 1444.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Visit Other APS Journals Online
Copyright © 2006 by the The American Physiological Society.