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J Neurophysiol (July 19, 2006). doi:10.1152/jn.00425.2006
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Submitted on April 21, 2006
Accepted on July 11, 2006

Origins of cross-orientation suppression in the visual cortex

Baowang BL Li1, jeffrey thompson2, thang duong2, matthew peterson2, and Ralph Freeman2*

1 School of Optometry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
2 School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: freeman{at}neurovision.berkeley.edu.

The response of a neuron in striate cortex to an optimally oriented stimulus is suppressed by a superimposed orthogonal stimulus. The neural mechanism underlying this cross orientation suppression (COS) may arise from intracortical or subcortical processes or from both. Recent studies of the temporal frequency and adaptation properties of COS suggest that depression at thalamo-cortical synapses may be the principal mechanism. To examine the possible role of synaptic depression in relation to COS, we measured the recovery time course of COS. We find it too rapid to be explained by synaptic depression. We also investigated potential subcortical processes by measuring single cell contrast response functions for a population of LGN neurons. In general, contrast saturation is a consistent property of LGN neurons. Combined with rectifying nonlinearities in the LGN and spike threshold nonlinearities in visual cortex, contrast saturation in the LGN can account for most of the COS that is observed in the visual cortex.




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