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J Neurophysiol (July 14, 2004). doi:10.1152/jn.00435.2004
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Submitted on April 28, 2004
Accepted on July 10, 2004

Preparatory Activity in Visual Cortex Indexes Distractor Suppression During Covert Spatial Orienting

John T. Serences1, Steven Yantis1, Andrew Culberson1, and Edward Awh1*

1 Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: awh{at}uoregon.edu.

The deployment of spatial attention induces retinotopically specific increases in neural activity that occur even before a target stimulus is presented. Although this preparatory activity is thought to prime the attended regions, thereby improving perception and recognition, it is not yet clear whether this activity is a manifestation of signal enhancement at the attended locations, or suppression of interference from distracting stimuli (or both). We investigated the functional role of these preparatory shifts by isolating a distractor suppression component of selection. Behavioral data have shown that manipulating the probability that visual distractors will appear modulates distractor suppression without concurrent changes in signal enhancement. In two experiments, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed increased cue-evoked activity in retinotopically specific regions of visual cortex when increased distractor suppression was elicited by a high probability of distractors. This finding directly links cue-evoked preparatory activity in visual cortex with a distractor suppression component of visual selective attention.




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