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1 Anatomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
2 Physiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
3 Physiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Lpopulin{at}wisc.edu.
We examined the motor error hypothesis of visual and auditory interaction in the superior colliculus (SC), first tested by Jay and Sparks (J Neurophysiol 57: 35-55, 1987) in the monkey. We trained cats to direct their eyes to the location of acoustic sources and studied the effects of eye position on both the ability of cats to localize sounds and the auditory responses of SC neurons to similar sounds with the head restrained. Sound localization accuracy was generally not affected by initial eye position, i.e. accuracy was not proportionally affected by the deviation of the eyes from the primary position at the time of stimulus presentation, demonstrating that eye position is taken into account when orienting to acoustic targets. The responses of most single SC neurons to acoustic stimuli in the intact cat were modulated by eye position in the direction consistent with the predictions of the motor error hypothesis (Sparks, 1986; Physiol Rev 66: 118-171), but the shift accounted for only 2/3 of the initial deviation of the eyes. However, when the average horizontal sound localization error, which was ~35 % of the target amplitude, was taken into account, the magnitude of the horizontal shifts in the SC auditory receptive fields matched the observed behavior. The modulation by eye position was not due to concomitant movements of the external ears, as confirmed by recordings carried out after immobilizing the pinnae of one cat. However, the pattern of modulation after pinnae immobilization was inconsistent with the observations in the intact cat, suggesting that in the intact animal information about the position of the pinnae may be taken into account.
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