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J Neurophysiol (August 23, 2006). doi:10.1152/jn.00456.2006
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Submitted on May 1, 2006
Accepted on August 22, 2006

Integration of target and effector information in the human brain during reach planning

Sabine Maria Beurze1*, Floris Pieter De Lange2, Ivan Toni3, and Wijbrand Pieter Medendorp4

1 Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
2 F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
3 F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
4 Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, 6525 HR, Netherlands; F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: S.Beurze{at}nici.ru.nl.

To plan a reaching movement, the brain must integrate information about the location of the target with information about the limb selected for the reach. Here, we applied rapid event-related 3-T fMRI to investigate this process in human subjects (n=16) preparing a reach following two successive visual instruction cues. One cue instructed which arm to use; the other cue instructed the location of the reach target. We hypothesized that regions involved in the integration of target and effector information should not only respond to each of the two instruction cues, but should respond more strongly to the second cue due to the added integrative processing to establish the reach plan. We found bilateral regions in the posterior parietal cortex, the premotor cortex, the medial frontal cortex and the insular cortex to be involved in target-arm integration, as well as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and an area in the right lateral occipital sulcus to respond in this manner. We further determined the functional properties of these regions in terms of spatial and effector specificity. This showed that the posterior parietal cortex and the dorsal premotor cortex specify both the spatial location of a target and the effector selected for the response. We therefore conclude that these regions are selectively engaged in the neural computations for reach planning, consistent with the results from physiological studies in non-human primates.




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