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1 Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
2 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wjoiner{at}bme.jhu.edu.
In programming motor acts, the brain must consider both internal and external noise sources: inherent variation in sensory estimates and changes within the environment. An interesting question in motor control is how reliable responses can be programmed in the face of noise and how these two noise sources interact. We study this by investigating the generation of sequences of predictive saccades to visual targets. First, eight normal subjects tracked targets that alternated at a pacing frequency (0.9 Hz) that promoted predictive behavior, for 300 trials. When tracking this perfectly periodic stimulus there was variability in the timing of the saccades (inter-saccade intervals) that was distributed around the interval of the stimulus (556 ms). We utilized this inherent variability to set the timing of subsequent stimuli; subjects completed three additional sessions in which the variance of the stimulus timing (the inter-stimulus intervals) had the same (1.0 SD), less (0.5 SD), or more (2.0 SD) variability than the subject displayed when tracking the perfectly periodic stimulus. Despite changes in stimulus timing variability, variance of the response timing (inter-saccade intervals) was equal to the variance of the stimulus plus "inherent variance" (response variance when tracking a perfectly periodic stimulus). Examining the correlations between saccade latency and inter-stimulus interval, this relationship is interpreted as a tradeoff between reliance on previous saccade performance (inter-trial correlations) and reliance on the current stimulus.
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C. J. S. Collins and G. R. Barnes Predicting the Unpredictable: Weighted Averaging of Past Stimulus Timing Facilitates Ocular Pursuit of Randomly Timed Stimuli J. Neurosci., October 21, 2009; 29(42): 13302 - 13314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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