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1 Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; MRC-Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
2 Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: meg2008{at}colmbia.edu.
Neurons in the lateral intraparietal area of the monkey (LIP) have visual receptive field in retinotopic coordinates when studied in a fixation task. However, in the period immediately surrounding a saccade these receptive fields often shift, so that a briefly flashed stimulus outside the receptive field will drive the neurons if the eye movement will bring the spatial location of that vanished stimulus into the receptive field. This is equivalent to a transient shift of the retinal receptive field. This enables spatially accurate processing in the postsaccadic period of a stimulus that appeared only before the saccade. We studied the time course of this receptive field shift by flashing a task-irrelevant stimulus for 100 ms before, during, or after a saccade. The stimulus could appear in receptive field as defined by the fixation before the saccade (the current receptive field) or the receptive field as defined by the fixation after the saccade (the future receptive field). We recorded the activity of 48 visually responsive neurons in LIP of three hemispheres of two Rhesus monkeys. We studied 45 neurons in the current receptive field task, in which the saccade removed the stimulus from the receptive field. 29/45 (64%) of these neurons showed a significant decrement of response when the stimulus appeared 250 ms or less before the saccade, as compared to their activity during fixation. The average response decrement was 38% for those cells showing a significant (p < .05 by t test) decrement. We studied 39 neurons in the future receptive field task, in which the saccade brought the spatial location of a recently vanished stimulus into the receptive field. Of these 32/39 (64%) had a significant response to stimuli flashed for 100 ms in the future receptive field, even 400 ms before the saccade. Neurons never responded to stimuli moved by the saccade from a point outside the receptive field to another point outside the receptive field. Neurons did not necessarily show any saccadic suppression for stimuli moved from one part of the receptive field to another by the saccade. Stimuli flashed less than 250 ms before the evoked responses in both the presaccadic and postsaccadic receptive fields, resulting in an increase in the effective receptive field size, an effect that we suggest is responsible for perisaccadic perceptual inaccuracies.
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