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1 Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
2 Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
3 Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: liz.disbrow{at}radiology.ucsf.edu.
We explored cortical fields on the upper bank of the Sylvian fissure using functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure responses to two stimulus conditions: 1) a tactile stimulus applied to the right hand, and 2) a tactile stimulus with an additional movement component. FMRI data revealed bilateral activation in S2/PV in response to tactile stimulation alone and source localization of MEG data identified a peak latency of 122 ms in a similar location. During the tactile and movement condition, fMRI revealed bilateral activation of S2/PV and an anterior field, while MEG data contained one source at a location identical to the tactile-only condition with a latency of 96 ms and a second rostral source with a longer latency (136 ms). Furthermore, ROI analysis of fMRI data identified increased bilateral activation in S2/PV and the rostral area in the tactile and movement condition compared to the tactile only condition. An area of cortex immediately rostral to S2/PV in monkeys has been called the parietal rostroventral area (PR). Based on location, latency and conditions under which this field was active, we have termed the rostral area of human cortex PR as well. These findings indicate that 1) humans, like non-human primates, have a cortical field rostral to PV that processes proprioceptive inputs, 2) both S2/PV and PR play a role in somatomotor integration necessary for manual exploration and object discrimination, and 3) there is a temporal hierarchy of processing with S2/PV active prior to PR.
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