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1 Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States; Dartmouth College, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756, United States
2 University of California at Berkeley, United States; Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
3 Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States; Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, 03755, New Hampshire, United States
4 Berkeley, California, United States; Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yec{at}dartmouth.edu.
Communication is one of the fundamental components of both human and non-human animal behavior. Auditory communication signals (i.e., vocalizations) are especially important in the socioecology of several species of non-human primates such as rhesus monkeys. In rhesus, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) is thought to be part of a circuit involved in representing vocalizations and other auditory objects. To further our understanding of the role of the vPFC in processing vocalizations, we characterized the spectrotemporal features of rhesus vocalizations, compared these features with other classes of natural stimuli, and then related the rhesus-vocalization acoustic features to neural activity. We found that the range of these spectrotemporal features was similar to those found in other ensembles of natural stimuli, including human speech, and identified the subspace of these features that would be particularly informative to discriminate between different vocalizations. In a first neural study, we found, however, that the tuning properties of vPFC neurons did not emphasize these particularly informative spectrotemporal features. In a second neural study, we found that a first-order linear model (the spectrotemporal receptive field) is not a good predictor of vPFC activity. The results of these two neural studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the vPFC is not involved in coding the first-order acoustic properties of a stimulus but is involved in processing the higher-order information needed to form representations of auditory objects.
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