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1 Division of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
2 Division of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gstanley{at}deas.harvard.edu.
Cells in the rodent barrel cortex respond to vibrissa deflection with a brief excitatory component and a longer suppressive component. The response to a given deflection is thus scaled due to suppression induced by a preceding deflection, causing the neuronal response to be linked to the temporal properties of the peripheral stimulus. A paired-deflection stimulus was used to characterize the post-excitatory suppression and a three-deflection stimulus was used to investigate the nonlinear response to patterns of whisker deflections in barbiturate anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. The post-excitatory suppression was not dependent upon a sensory-evoked action potential to the first deflection, implying that it is likely a subthreshold property of the network. The suppression induced by a deflection served to suppress both the excitatory and suppressive components of a subsequent neuronal response, thus effectively disinhibiting it. Two different response properties were observed in the recorded cells. Approximately 65% responded to a vibrissa deflection with an excitatory component followed by a suppressive component and 35% responded with excitation, suppression, and a subsequent rebound in excitation. Based on these observations of post-excitatory dynamics, a prediction method was used to estimate neuronal responses to more complex stimulus trains. Using the second-order representation obtained from the paired-deflection stimulus, responses to general periodic deflection patterns were well predicted. A higher cut-off frequency was predicted for rebound cells as compared to cells not exhibiting rebound excitation, consistent with experimental observations. The method also predicted the response of neurons to a random aperiodic deflection pattern. Therefore, the temporal structure of cortical dynamics following a single deflection dictates the response to complex temporal patterns, which are more representative of stimuli encountered under natural conditions.
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