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1 CIHR Group in Sensory-Motor Systems and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
2 CIHR Group in Sensory-Motor Systems and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
3 CIHR Group in Sensory-Motor Systems and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Anatomy & Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pare{at}biomed.queensu.ca.
The intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC) contain neurons that clearly play a major role in regulating the production of saccadic eye movements: a burst of activity from saccade neurons (SNs) is thought to provide the brainstem with a drive signal to set the eyes in motion, while the tonic activity of fixation neurons (FNs) is thought to suppress saccades during fixation. The exact contribution of these neurons to saccade control is, however, unclear because the precise nature of the signals sent by the SC to the brain stem saccade generator circuit has not been studied in detail. Here we tested the hypothesis that the SC output signal is sufficient to control saccades by antidromically identifying tectoreticular neurons (TRNs: 33 SNs and 13 FNs) and determining whether they can signal the end of saccades. We found that TRNs had discharge properties similar to non-identified SC neurons and that a proportion of output SNs had visually evoked responses, which signify that the saccade generator must receive and process visual information. Only a minority of TRNs possessed, however, the temporal patterns of activity sufficient to terminate saccades. Output SNs did not cease discharging at the time of saccade end, possibly continuing to drive the brainstem after saccades have ended, and output FNs did not resume their activity before the end of saccade. The possibility remains that saccade termination is controlled spatial code sent by SNs or that other saccade centers (e.g., the cerebellum) act to thwart the extraneous SC drive signal.
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