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J Neurophysiol (December 29, 2004). doi:10.1152/jn.00910.2004
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Submitted on September 1, 2004
Accepted on December 23, 2004

Encoding the timing of inhibitory inputs

Patrick O Kanold1 and Paul B Manis2*

1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Hearing Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
2 Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pmanis{at}med.unc.edu.

Many neuronal systems represent information by the timing of individual spikes and it is generally assumed that spike timing predominantly encodes excitatory inputs. We show here that the timing of inhibition can also be explicitly encoded in spike times using time-dependent and voltage-dependent properties of a rapidly inactivating potassium channel (IKIF). In-vitro recordings in rat dorsal cochlear nucleus show that the effects of inhibition on spike timing can long outlast the duration of the inhibitory potential, and that this depends only on the membrane voltage change during the IPSP. Modeling results show that small neuronal populations with a heterogeneous distribution of IKIF voltage dependence can robustly encode intervals of more than 100 ms between inhibition and excitation. Thus, neuronal systems can detect and represent the precise timing of inhibition, suggesting the importance of inhibition in information encoding.




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