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1 Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
2 Section of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
3 Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA; Stockholm Bioinformatic Center, SCFAB, Stockholm, Sweden; Computational Biology, Department of Physics, Linkopings Institute of Technology, Linkoping, Sweden
4 Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: acompte{at}umh.es.
An important question in neuroscience is whether and how temporal patterns and fluctuations in neuronal spike trains contribute to information processing in the cortex. We have addressed this issue in the memory-related circuits of the prefrontal cortex by analyzing spike trains from a database of 229 neurons recorded in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 4 macaque monkeys during the performance of an oculomotor delayed-response task. For each task epoch, we have estimated their power spectrum together with inter-spike interval histograms and autocorrelograms. We find that (1) the properties of most (~60%) neurons approximated the characteristics of a Poisson process. For about 25% of cells, with characteristics typical of interneurons, the power spectrum showed a trough at low frequencies (< 20 Hz) and the autocorrelogram a dip near zero time lag. About 15% of neurons had a peak at < 20 Hz in the power spectrum, associated with the burstiness of the spike train; (2) a small but significant task dependence of spike-train temporal structure: delay responses to preferred locations were characterized not only by elevated firing, but also by suppressed power at low (< 20 Hz) frequencies; and (3) the variability of inter-spike intervals is typically higher during the mnemonic delay period than during the fixation period, regardless of the remembered cue. The high irregularity of neural persistent activity during the delay period is likely to be a characteristic signature of recurrent prefrontal network dynamics underlying working memory.
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