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J Neurophysiol (November 22, 2006). doi:10.1152/jn.00991.2006
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Submitted on September 17, 2006
Accepted on November 17, 2006

Contrast Gain Control is Drift-Rate Dependent: An Informational Analysis

Markus Antero Hietanen1, Nathan Crowder1, and Michael Ibbotson1*

1 Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ibbotson{at}rsbs.anu.edu.au.

Neurons in the visual cortex code relative changes in illumination (contrast) and adapt their sensitivities to the visual scene by centring the steepest regions of their sigmoidal contrast response functions (CRFs: spike rate as a function of contrast) on the prevailing contrast. The influence of this contrast gain control has not been reported at non-optimal drift-rates. We calculated the Fisher information contained in the CRFs of halothane-anesthetised cats. Fisher information gives a measure of the accuracy of contrast representations based on the ratio of the square of the steepness of the CRF and the spike-rate dependence of the spiking variance. Variance increases with spike-rate, so Fisher information is maximal where the CRF is steep and spike rates are low. Here, we show that the contrast at which the maximal Fisher information (CMFI) occurs for each adapting drift-rate is at a fixed level above the adapting contrast. For adapting contrasts of 0 to 0.32 the relationship between CMFI and adapting contrast is well described by a straight line with a slope close to 1. The intercept of this line on the CMFI-axis is drift-rate dependent however the slope is not. At high drift-rates relative to each cell's peak the CMFI-offset is higher than for low drift-rates. The results show that the contrast coding strategy in visual cortex maximizes accuracy for contrasts above the prevailing contrast in the environment for all drift-rates. We argue that tuning the system for accuracy at contrasts above the prevailing value is optimal for viewing natural scenes.




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M. A. Hietanen, N. A. Crowder, N. S. C. Price, and M. R. Ibbotson
Influence of adapting speed on speed and contrast coding in the primary visual cortex of the cat
J. Physiol., October 15, 2007; 584(2): 451 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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