JN AJP: Renal Physiology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     


J Neurophysiol (November 28, 2007). doi:10.1152/jn.01029.2007
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
99/2/500    most recent
01029.2007v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Zhang, W.
Right arrow Articles by Latash, M. L
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Zhang, W.
Right arrow Articles by Latash, M. L
Submitted on September 17, 2007
Accepted on November 23, 2007

What do synergies do? Effects of secondary constraints on multi-digit synergies in accurate force-production tasks

Wei Zhang1, John P Scholz2, Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky3, and Mark L Latash4*

1 Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
2 Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
3 Dept. of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
4 Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mll11{at}psu.edu.

We used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis to explore changes in the structure of variability in multi-finger force production tasks when a secondary task was introduced. Healthy young subjects produced several levels of the total force by pressing with the four fingers of the hand on force sensors. The frame with the sensors rested on the table (Stable condition) or on a narrow supporting beam (Unstable conditions) that could be placed between different finger pairs. Most variance in the finger mode space was compatible with a fixed value of the total force across all conditions, while the patterns of sharing of the total force among the fingers were condition dependent. Moment of force was stabilized only in the Unstable conditions. The finger mode data were projected onto the UCM computed for the total force and subjected to the principal component (PC) analysis. Two PCs accounted for over 90% of the variance. The directions of the PC vectors varied across subjects in the Stable condition, while two 'default' PCs were observed under the Unstable conditions. These observations show that different persons coordinate their fingers differently in force production tasks. They converge on similar solutions when an additional constraint is introduced. The use of variable solutions allows avoiding a loss in accuracy of performance when the same elements get involved in another task. Our results suggest a mechanism underlying the principle of superposition suggested in a variety of human and robotic studies.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J R Soc InterfaceHome page
J. T. Yen and Y.-H. Chang
Rate-dependent control strategies stabilize limb forces during human locomotion
J R Soc Interface, October 14, 2009; (2009) rsif.2009.0296v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
H. B. Olafsdottir, V. M. Zatsiorsky, and M. L. Latash
The effects of strength training on finger strength and hand dexterity in healthy elderly individuals
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2008; 105(4): 1166 - 1178.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Visit Other APS Journals Online
Copyright © 2007 by the The American Physiological Society.