Motor memory is relatively labile immediately after learning, but can become more stable through consolidation. We investigated consolidation of motor memory in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Cats viewed the world through telescopic lenses during 60 minutes of passive rotation. Learned decreases (gain-down learning) and increases in the VOR gain (gain-up learning) were measured during sinusoidal rotation at 2 Hz. We found that if rotation in darkness immediately followed learning, the gain of the VOR reverted toward its pre-learning value, indicating that expression of the memory was disrupted. If after gain-down learning the cat spent another 60 minutes stationary without form vision, subsequent disruption did not occur, suggesting that memory had consolidated. Consolidation was less robust for gain-up learning. We conclude that memory in the VOR is initially labile, but consolidates rapidly and consistently after gain-down learning.