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* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kmiura{at}brain.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Primates are able to track a moving target with their eyes even when the target is seen against a stationary textured background. In this situation the tracking eye movement induces motion of the background images on the retina (reafference) that competes with the motion of the target's retinal image, potentially disrupting the tracking of the target. Previous work on humans reported that brief perturbations of the background in the opposite direction to pursuit were much less disruptive than perturbations in the same direction as pursuit. Further, if the background moved together with the pursuit target-so as to effectively eliminate the reafference-then the effects of a subsequent background perturbation showed less dependence on direction. This suggested that the direction selectivity to background perturbations during pursuit against a stationary background was due at least in part to the prior motion of the background secondary to the pursuit. We now report similar findings in monkeys and, in addition, have investigated the effect of moving the background while the animal was fixating a stationary target. In this situation, the ocular tracking responses to subsequent brief perturbations of the moving background were weaker when the perturbations were in the same direction as the prior background motion than when in the opposite direction. This suggests that the selective insensitivity to the reafferent visual input associated with pursuit across a stationary background is, at least in part, independent of pursuit per se and attributable to a progressive reduction in the sensitivity to sustained background motion.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  K. Miura, Y. Kobayashi, and K. Kawano Ocular Responses to Brief Motion of Textured Backgrounds During Smooth Pursuit in Humans J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2009; 102(3): 1736 - 1747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Tabata, K. Miura, and K. Kawano Trial-by-Trial Updating of the Gain in Preparation for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Based on Past Experience in Humans J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 747 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Spering and K. R. Gegenfurtner Contrast and Assimilation in Motion Perception and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2007; 98(3): 1355 - 1363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Inaba, S. Shinomoto, S. Yamane, A. Takemura, and K. Kawano MST Neurons Code for Visual Motion in Space Independent of Pursuit Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2007; 97(5): 3473 - 3483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Tabata, K. Miura, M. Taki, K. Matsuura, and K. Kawano Preparatory Gain Modulation of Visuomotor Transmission for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Monkeys J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2006; 96(6): 3051 - 3063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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